Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

Замечание о разностной схеме второго порядка точности для эллиптико-параболических уравнений в пространствах Гёльдера

Статья посвящена изучению разностной схемы второго порядка точности для решения эллиптикопараболического уравнения с нелокальным граничным условием. Установлена корректность разностной схемы второго порядка точности в пространствах Гёльдера. Получены оценки коэрцитивности в нормах Гёльдера для приближенного решения нелокальной краевой задачи для эллиптикопараболического дифференциального уравнения. Результаты численных экспериментов представлены для поддержки упомянутых выше теоретических утверждений

Numerical solution of a two dimensional elliptic-parabolic equation with Dirichlet-Neumann condition

In the present paper, a two dimensional elliptic-parabolic equation with Dirichlet-Neumann boundary condition is studied. The first and second order of accuracy difference schemes for the numerical solution of this problem are presented. Illustrative numerical results of these difference schemes are provided by using a procedure of modified Gauss elimination method. © 2018 Author(s)

A note on the second order of accuracy difference scheme for elliptic-parabolic equations in Holder spaces

The present paper is devoted to the study of a second order of accuracy difference scheme for a solution of the elliptic-parabolic equation with nonlocal boundary condition. The well-posedness of the second order of accuracy difference scheme in Holder spaces is established. Coercivity estimates in Holder norms for an approximate solution of a nonlocal boundary value problem for elliptic-parabolic differential equation are obtained. Results of numerical experiments are presented in order to support the aforementioned theoretical statements

An asymmetric synthesis of both enantiomers of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-furan-2-yl-ethylamine and 3,3,3-trifluoroalanine from 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-furan-2-yl-ethanone

The selective conversion of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-furan-2-yl-ethanone into (E)- and (Z)-oximes and oxime ethers and subsequent oxazaborolidine-catalyzed enantioselective reduction using different amino alcohols furnished both enantiomers of the important chiral building block 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-furan-2-yl-ethylamine with e.e. of up to 88%. Oxidation of the furan ring afforded both enantiomers of 3,3,3-trifluoroalanine in 91-93% yields

Numerical solution of a two dimensional elliptic-parabolic equation with Dirichlet-Neumann condition

In the present paper, a two dimensional elliptic-parabolic equation with Dirichlet-Neumann boundary condition is studied. The first and second order of accuracy difference schemes for the numerical solution of this problem are presented. Illustrative numerical results of these difference schemes are provided by using a procedure of modified Gauss elimination method. © 2018 Author(s)

Adaptation of Renewable Based Power Plants to the Energy Market Using Battery Energy Storage Systems

This paper presents a method for the adaptation of a wind power plant to the energy market using battery energy storage systems (BESS) to show the feasibility of using fast-response batteries, and to calculate its payback period. The proposed method is also used to investigate the optimum battery size according to the installed capacity of the wind farm based on the price and wind forecast, and arbitrage opportunity so as to maximize the profit of the investor. The profit obtained from the market by the battery storage system is compared to the profit from the feed-in tariff for every kilowatt-hour of electricity the wind farm exports to the grid. In this research work, iterative computational-based optimization algorithm is applied to determine hourly charge/discharge commitment of the battery. A case study is conducted for a real wind power generation station in Turkey whose installed capacity is 15 MW. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm considerably increases the profit and provides an acceptable payback period

Investigation into utilization of bayer- Al(OH)(3) in production of calcium aluminate cements

In this study, samples of Calcium Aluminate (CA) cements produced from reactive alumina and calcite were compared with those samples produced from Bayer - Al(OH)(3) and calcite. The raw material mixtures were formed under light pressure into cylinders and sintered at 2 1350, 1400, 1450 and 1500 degreesC. The fired samples were ground to 3300-4400 cm(2)/g Blaine in a laboratory ceramic mill. The physical and mechanical properties of the cement samples were determined. The results of this study suggest that the production of CA - cements containing 71% Al2O3 was possible using Bayer - Al(OH)(3) and calcite as raw materials

Conversion of homochiral amines, beta-amino alcohols and alpha-amino acids to their chiral 2-substituted pyrrole derivatives

The conversion of the amino group of chiral amines, amino alcohols, amino acids and their esters into chiral 2-substituted pyrrole derivatives with various halogeno enones is described. The conversion works in good yield and without racemization. The synthesis of 2-phenylpyrrole derivatives was possible with amino alcohols but not with amino acids or their ester